Time Travel Journal
1: The silent killer
Before I had left present day to come here, in Medieval Europe, I had read about poor hygiene of people in Europe and of a deadly disease that had killed half the population (P., 2004). Due to these readings, I had been fortunate enough to go out to the local pharmacy for this disease's medicine. I’m glad I had done so because the bubonic plague, also known as the "Black Death", has just started to spread. I've seen many of the people I had met, suffering from this illness, facing the verge of death. The first time I saw someone die from this disease, I had run home, cleansed myself, and had made sure I always had my medicine in my right-hand pocket. This way if I had ever gotten sick, I could take them right away and know that I would be safe from harm’s way. I did this right away because I had seen the man’s dead body with swollen lymph’s all over his body. Tonight, I had noticed that I was coughing rather severely. I searched my pockets, quickly got the medicine, and I took it right away. About 10 minutes later, the coughing had settled and had soon fallen asleep.
Works Cited P., B. J. (2004). Black Death: Overview. Retrieved March 16, 2013, from Daily Life through History: http://dailylife.abc-clio.com/Topics/Display/1681929?cid=41&terms=Black+death
2: Medieval Europe gets attacked.
In the morning, there was a big crowd of armored knights going near the gates of Medieval Europe. There armor was very shiny, reflecting the bright sun’s rays. They were wearing heavy looking helmets, interlocking rings, and were each holding swords (Norris, 2000). They were about to go to war, due to the king's enemies trying to come in. I had then noticed that the area of where I was staying in Europe was surrounded by a great, giant stone wall. While the men outside were trying to get in, they were not able to get past it. I had now known how Europe had fended off so many other armies. From my school in present day, I had remembered that I had learned of one disadvantage of these walls. This was because right outside the wall, there were dead rats which were infected with the deadly bubonic plague. The enemy would then take these dead rats, and throw them over the tops of the wall. These rats would then be able to infect and kill many people. Although they were dead, the fleas on them were not. The main reason of the starting of the plague was due to the fleas. The rats were used to spread the disease.
Works Cited Norris, M. (2000). Arms and Armor in Medieval Europe. Retrieved March 13, 2013, from Met Museum: http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/arms/hd_arms.htm
3: Farming with the horse.
In the afternoon, I spent my day looking for groceries when I had seen an old farmer walking by ready to prepare his soil. He was wearing a shirt with both sides ripped, which was probably because it is easier to move around with it like that (Cunnington, 1997). This man had reached down and picked up his heavy, rusty plow. He then walked over to his horse and put the plow on it. I had then remember that the plow was a very important for farming, and had usually helped farmers out a lot, and even increased agricultural productivity. I felt sorry for the old man, and how fortunate the future from right now is with its machinery, such as tractors. I had then decided to help this man by holding the plow steady behind the horse while it walked it along the land. He thanked me once I was done, and I went on to do my own business.
Works Cited Cunnington, P. (1997). Men's Clothing: Medieval Europe. Retrieved March 12, 2012, from Daily Life through History: http://dailylife.abc-clio.com/Topics/Display/1425940?sid=1658448&cid=25&oid=1658448&useConcept=False
4: Preparing for dinner.
Still shopping for groceries, I had mainly only seen 5 different food items. What I saw was meat, fish, bread, cheese, and vegetables. Much of it was half rotting so I had to make use of what I had seen. I was also guessing that these 5 items were in everyday meals (Adomson, 1995). I didn’t know that a thing like food would barely be any different from now. Prices were also very expensive for various meats. I had mostly bought a lot of vegetables, a little meat, and spices. This was going to be my main meal every day for the time I stay here in Medieval Europe.
Works Cited Adomson, M. W. (1995). Food and Drink in Medieval Europe. Retrieved March 15, 2013, from Daily Life through History: http://dailylife.abc-clio.com/Topics/Display/1425940?sid=1425960&cid=100&useConcept=False
5: Back home.
Once I had gotten back to my residence with my groceries, it had felt very weird. This is because houses were very differently made back then. Here in Medieval Europe, my current home has a dirt floor, wooden walls, and a straw roof (Singman, 1995). Whenever it had rained, I occasionally had water dripping down from the ceiling. Every time this would happen, I would not care because I did not have to dry up the floors due to them being dirt. The water would always soak up anyways. I was always worried that bugs would come into my bed at night.
Works Cited
Singman, J. L. (1995). Housing In Medieval Europe. Retrieved March 15, 2013, from Daily Life through History: http://dailylife.abc-clio.com/Topics/Display/1425940?sid=1425974&cid=101&useConcept=False
6: Is this really a sport?
I thought that Medieval Europe was a horrible place to live in, but I now change my mind about it all. I now think that Europe is an okay place to live in. It isn’t as bad as I thought. The only reasons for why I wouldn’t want to live here if I were you are because of the disease, and food, which was expensive. Right now, I’m about to go and see if there’s anything to do around here. I then heard that games in town were being played in about 30 minutes. I ran right over, and saw that it was an athleticism tournament. These types of tournaments usually showed pure strength (Hoffman, 1995). Today, they had a rock throwing competition. Although this wasn’t the most interesting sport I’ve ever seen, it was something.
Works Cited
Hoffman, R. C. (1995). Sports & Games in Medieval Europe. Retrieved 3 19, 2013, from Daily Life through History: http://dailylife.abc-clio.com/Topics/Display/1425940?sid=1426053&cid=102&useConcept=False
7: Home sick
After watching the athletes compete, it was still 3:30 in the afternoon. I decided that I would look around for some more fun entertainment, when I came across a fair. This fair had jugglers, acrobats, and many musicians (Singman, Entertainment in Medieval Europe, 1998). I didn’t know how long I was there for, but by the time I left, it was already dusk. It is very lonely here since none of my friends were here. I also miss getting takeout food very much. Cooking by myself was a pain, since I had to walk to the nearest grocery shop and cook by myself. I decided to finally try and make some friends for the time being, but then I realized that we wouldn’t have much to talk about since I was from the future. I then decided that it would be much better to just keep to myself and enjoy my time here. I only have a few more months until I travel back to the future, into the year of 2013. I can’t believe that I have been gone for a week straight. I can’t wait to get back home, see family, and friends.
Works Cited
Singman, J. L. (1998). Entertainment in Medieval Europe. Retrieved 3 19, 2013, from Daily Life in History: http://dailylife.abc-clio.com/Topics/Display/1425940?sid=1426070&webSiteCode=SLN_DLTH&returnToPage=%2fTopics%2fDisplay%2f1425940%3fsid%3d1426070&cid=103&useConcept=False&token=E9C730199FC3B538B930F43BEE2FB679&casError=False
8: Out of money
I spent the last of my money on food the other night, and I didn’t know what to do. I decided to finally get a job here. I had found a farmer close by and asked him if I could help him for the exchange of food and a place to stay. He happily agreed, since he was an old man, who looked very tired and weak. This man also had the same type of clothing as the first farmer I had helped, but they weren’t the same people. This old man had long shaggy grey hair, and was very tan. My first day working with him, I had planted many different types of vegetables after I had plowed the land with his horse. I then tended to the livestock by feeding and cleaning up their living space. After the day’s work was over, we both sat down and ate, and then I went to bed. The bed was very uncomfortable, but it was better than nothing. I now have greater respect for any farmer, because every day, they do so much back-breaking work.
9: Time on my hands
Since the first time I had planted the vegetables in the soil, it was ready to be picked and sold. I picked dozens of various foods, and they all looked great. The old man and I had put the products up for sale, and we sold most of them instantly. I always thought that farmers were never that important, but they are. They’re basically the life supply of the human race. I am still living inside the old farmer’s house, and eat with him daily. We usually eat whatever food is left over from what we hadn’t sold that day, so the food still tasted fresh. I have gotten very good and fast at farming, so I usually have half the day to myself once my work is finished. I usually go see the athleticism tournament, which holds different contests every day. Just today, I had seen a relay race (Singman, Entertainment in Medieval Europe, 1998), and someone had run about 3 laps faster than the others, and ended up winning first place.
Works Cited
Singman, J. L. (1998). Entertainment in Medieval Europe. Retrieved 3 19, 2013, from Daily Life in History: http://dailylife.abc-clio.com/Topics/Display/1425940?sid=1426070&webSiteCode=SLN_DLTH&returnToPage=%2fTopics%2fDisplay%2f1425940%3fsid%3d1426070&cid=103&useConcept=False&token=E9C730199FC3B538B930F43BEE2FB679&casError=False
10: Hard labor
It was now winter in Medieval Europe, when farming was the most difficult. This time of the year was when farmers had repaired farms and tools, fed the livestock the most, and slaughtered any extra livestock for food or for selling later in the year, and that’s exactly what we did every day. My day’s work involved repairing the front door, the roof, feeding our animals, and sharpening tools (Singman, Work in Medieval Europe, 1999). This routine lasted about 3 months, and 10 hours of the day. I have almost forgotten what life was like from the year I came from. I’ve been so used to living here in Europe. I remember how I thought that Medieval Europe was a horrible place, but now, this place has grown on me. It actually feels like my home now. Usually every few weeks, the old farmer would give me a day off of work, and I would walk about, exploring more of Europe every day
Works Cited
Singman, J. L. (1999). Work in Medieval Europe. Retrieved 3 21, 2013, from Daily Life through History: http://dailylife.abc-clio.com/Topics/Display/1425940?sid=1441336&webSiteCode=SLN_DLTH&returnToPage=%2fTopics%2fDisplay%2f1425940%3fsid%3d1441336&cid=97&useConcept=False&token=650F53AD720959C2DA997077D47A6D7E&casError=False
Bibliography Adomson, M. W. (1995). Food and Drink in Medieval Europe. Retrieved March 15, 2013, from Daily Life through History: http://dailylife.abc-clio.com/Topics/Display/1425940?sid=1425960&cid=100&useConcept=False
Cunnington, P. (1997). Men's Clothing: Medieval Europe. Retrieved March 12, 2012, from Daily Life through History: http://dailylife.abc-clio.com/Topics/Display/1425940?sid=1658448&cid=25&oid=1658448&useConcept=False
Hoffman, R. C. (1995). Sports & Games in Medieval Europe. Retrieved 3 19, 2013, from Daily Life through History: http://dailylife.abc-clio.com/Topics/Display/1425940?sid=1426053&cid=102&useConcept=False
Norris, M. (2000). Arms and Armor in Medieval Europe. Retrieved March 13, 2013, from Met Museum: http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/arms/hd_arms.htm
P., B. J. (2004). Black Death: Overview. Retrieved March 16, 2013, from Daily Life through History: http://dailylife.abc-clio.com/Topics/Display/1681929?cid=41&terms=Black+death
Singman, J. L. (1995). Housing In Medieval Europe. Retrieved March 15, 2013, from Daily Life through History: http://dailylife.abc-clio.com/Topics/Display/1425940?sid=1425974&cid=101&useConcept=False
Singman, J. L. (1998). Entertainment in Medieval Europe. Retrieved 3 19, 2013, from Daily Life in History: http://dailylife.abc-clio.com/Topics/Display/1425940?sid=1426070&webSiteCode=SLN_DLTH&returnToPage=%2fTopics%2fDisplay%2f1425940%3fsid%3d1426070&cid=103&useConcept=False&token=E9C730199FC3B538B930F43BEE2FB679&casError=False
Singman, J. L. (1999). Work in Medieval Europe. Retrieved 3 21, 2013, from Daily Life through History: http://dailylife.abc-clio.com/Topics/Display/1425940?sid=1441336&webSiteCode=SLN_DLTH&returnToPage=%2fTopics%2fDisplay%2f1425940%3fsid%3d1441336&cid=97&useConcept=False&token=650F53AD720959C2DA997077D47A6D7E&casError=False
http://dailylife.abc-clio.com/Topics/Display/1425940?sid=1425974&cid=101&useConcept=False
http://dailylife.abc-clio.com/Topics/Display/1425940?sid=1426070&cid=103&useConcept=False
http://dailylife.abc-clio.com/Topics/Display/1425940?sid=1441336&webSiteCode=SLN_DLTH&returnToPage=%2fTopics%2fDisplay%2f1425940%3fsid%3d1441336&cid=97&useConcept=False&token=650F53AD720959C2DA997077D47A6D7E&casError=False
http://dailylife.abc-clio.com/Topics/Display/1425940?sid=1426053&cid=102&useConcept=False
http://dailylife.abc-clio.com/Topics/Display/1681929?cid=41&terms=black+death
http://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Defensive_wall.html
http://www.engr.sjsu.edu/pabacker/history/middle.htm
http://dailylife.abc-clio.com/Topics/Display/1425940?sid=1425960&cid=100&useConcept=False
1: The silent killer
Before I had left present day to come here, in Medieval Europe, I had read about poor hygiene of people in Europe and of a deadly disease that had killed half the population (P., 2004). Due to these readings, I had been fortunate enough to go out to the local pharmacy for this disease's medicine. I’m glad I had done so because the bubonic plague, also known as the "Black Death", has just started to spread. I've seen many of the people I had met, suffering from this illness, facing the verge of death. The first time I saw someone die from this disease, I had run home, cleansed myself, and had made sure I always had my medicine in my right-hand pocket. This way if I had ever gotten sick, I could take them right away and know that I would be safe from harm’s way. I did this right away because I had seen the man’s dead body with swollen lymph’s all over his body. Tonight, I had noticed that I was coughing rather severely. I searched my pockets, quickly got the medicine, and I took it right away. About 10 minutes later, the coughing had settled and had soon fallen asleep.
Works Cited P., B. J. (2004). Black Death: Overview. Retrieved March 16, 2013, from Daily Life through History: http://dailylife.abc-clio.com/Topics/Display/1681929?cid=41&terms=Black+death
2: Medieval Europe gets attacked.
In the morning, there was a big crowd of armored knights going near the gates of Medieval Europe. There armor was very shiny, reflecting the bright sun’s rays. They were wearing heavy looking helmets, interlocking rings, and were each holding swords (Norris, 2000). They were about to go to war, due to the king's enemies trying to come in. I had then noticed that the area of where I was staying in Europe was surrounded by a great, giant stone wall. While the men outside were trying to get in, they were not able to get past it. I had now known how Europe had fended off so many other armies. From my school in present day, I had remembered that I had learned of one disadvantage of these walls. This was because right outside the wall, there were dead rats which were infected with the deadly bubonic plague. The enemy would then take these dead rats, and throw them over the tops of the wall. These rats would then be able to infect and kill many people. Although they were dead, the fleas on them were not. The main reason of the starting of the plague was due to the fleas. The rats were used to spread the disease.
Works Cited Norris, M. (2000). Arms and Armor in Medieval Europe. Retrieved March 13, 2013, from Met Museum: http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/arms/hd_arms.htm
3: Farming with the horse.
In the afternoon, I spent my day looking for groceries when I had seen an old farmer walking by ready to prepare his soil. He was wearing a shirt with both sides ripped, which was probably because it is easier to move around with it like that (Cunnington, 1997). This man had reached down and picked up his heavy, rusty plow. He then walked over to his horse and put the plow on it. I had then remember that the plow was a very important for farming, and had usually helped farmers out a lot, and even increased agricultural productivity. I felt sorry for the old man, and how fortunate the future from right now is with its machinery, such as tractors. I had then decided to help this man by holding the plow steady behind the horse while it walked it along the land. He thanked me once I was done, and I went on to do my own business.
Works Cited Cunnington, P. (1997). Men's Clothing: Medieval Europe. Retrieved March 12, 2012, from Daily Life through History: http://dailylife.abc-clio.com/Topics/Display/1425940?sid=1658448&cid=25&oid=1658448&useConcept=False
4: Preparing for dinner.
Still shopping for groceries, I had mainly only seen 5 different food items. What I saw was meat, fish, bread, cheese, and vegetables. Much of it was half rotting so I had to make use of what I had seen. I was also guessing that these 5 items were in everyday meals (Adomson, 1995). I didn’t know that a thing like food would barely be any different from now. Prices were also very expensive for various meats. I had mostly bought a lot of vegetables, a little meat, and spices. This was going to be my main meal every day for the time I stay here in Medieval Europe.
Works Cited Adomson, M. W. (1995). Food and Drink in Medieval Europe. Retrieved March 15, 2013, from Daily Life through History: http://dailylife.abc-clio.com/Topics/Display/1425940?sid=1425960&cid=100&useConcept=False
5: Back home.
Once I had gotten back to my residence with my groceries, it had felt very weird. This is because houses were very differently made back then. Here in Medieval Europe, my current home has a dirt floor, wooden walls, and a straw roof (Singman, 1995). Whenever it had rained, I occasionally had water dripping down from the ceiling. Every time this would happen, I would not care because I did not have to dry up the floors due to them being dirt. The water would always soak up anyways. I was always worried that bugs would come into my bed at night.
Works Cited
Singman, J. L. (1995). Housing In Medieval Europe. Retrieved March 15, 2013, from Daily Life through History: http://dailylife.abc-clio.com/Topics/Display/1425940?sid=1425974&cid=101&useConcept=False
6: Is this really a sport?
I thought that Medieval Europe was a horrible place to live in, but I now change my mind about it all. I now think that Europe is an okay place to live in. It isn’t as bad as I thought. The only reasons for why I wouldn’t want to live here if I were you are because of the disease, and food, which was expensive. Right now, I’m about to go and see if there’s anything to do around here. I then heard that games in town were being played in about 30 minutes. I ran right over, and saw that it was an athleticism tournament. These types of tournaments usually showed pure strength (Hoffman, 1995). Today, they had a rock throwing competition. Although this wasn’t the most interesting sport I’ve ever seen, it was something.
Works Cited
Hoffman, R. C. (1995). Sports & Games in Medieval Europe. Retrieved 3 19, 2013, from Daily Life through History: http://dailylife.abc-clio.com/Topics/Display/1425940?sid=1426053&cid=102&useConcept=False
7: Home sick
After watching the athletes compete, it was still 3:30 in the afternoon. I decided that I would look around for some more fun entertainment, when I came across a fair. This fair had jugglers, acrobats, and many musicians (Singman, Entertainment in Medieval Europe, 1998). I didn’t know how long I was there for, but by the time I left, it was already dusk. It is very lonely here since none of my friends were here. I also miss getting takeout food very much. Cooking by myself was a pain, since I had to walk to the nearest grocery shop and cook by myself. I decided to finally try and make some friends for the time being, but then I realized that we wouldn’t have much to talk about since I was from the future. I then decided that it would be much better to just keep to myself and enjoy my time here. I only have a few more months until I travel back to the future, into the year of 2013. I can’t believe that I have been gone for a week straight. I can’t wait to get back home, see family, and friends.
Works Cited
Singman, J. L. (1998). Entertainment in Medieval Europe. Retrieved 3 19, 2013, from Daily Life in History: http://dailylife.abc-clio.com/Topics/Display/1425940?sid=1426070&webSiteCode=SLN_DLTH&returnToPage=%2fTopics%2fDisplay%2f1425940%3fsid%3d1426070&cid=103&useConcept=False&token=E9C730199FC3B538B930F43BEE2FB679&casError=False
8: Out of money
I spent the last of my money on food the other night, and I didn’t know what to do. I decided to finally get a job here. I had found a farmer close by and asked him if I could help him for the exchange of food and a place to stay. He happily agreed, since he was an old man, who looked very tired and weak. This man also had the same type of clothing as the first farmer I had helped, but they weren’t the same people. This old man had long shaggy grey hair, and was very tan. My first day working with him, I had planted many different types of vegetables after I had plowed the land with his horse. I then tended to the livestock by feeding and cleaning up their living space. After the day’s work was over, we both sat down and ate, and then I went to bed. The bed was very uncomfortable, but it was better than nothing. I now have greater respect for any farmer, because every day, they do so much back-breaking work.
9: Time on my hands
Since the first time I had planted the vegetables in the soil, it was ready to be picked and sold. I picked dozens of various foods, and they all looked great. The old man and I had put the products up for sale, and we sold most of them instantly. I always thought that farmers were never that important, but they are. They’re basically the life supply of the human race. I am still living inside the old farmer’s house, and eat with him daily. We usually eat whatever food is left over from what we hadn’t sold that day, so the food still tasted fresh. I have gotten very good and fast at farming, so I usually have half the day to myself once my work is finished. I usually go see the athleticism tournament, which holds different contests every day. Just today, I had seen a relay race (Singman, Entertainment in Medieval Europe, 1998), and someone had run about 3 laps faster than the others, and ended up winning first place.
Works Cited
Singman, J. L. (1998). Entertainment in Medieval Europe. Retrieved 3 19, 2013, from Daily Life in History: http://dailylife.abc-clio.com/Topics/Display/1425940?sid=1426070&webSiteCode=SLN_DLTH&returnToPage=%2fTopics%2fDisplay%2f1425940%3fsid%3d1426070&cid=103&useConcept=False&token=E9C730199FC3B538B930F43BEE2FB679&casError=False
10: Hard labor
It was now winter in Medieval Europe, when farming was the most difficult. This time of the year was when farmers had repaired farms and tools, fed the livestock the most, and slaughtered any extra livestock for food or for selling later in the year, and that’s exactly what we did every day. My day’s work involved repairing the front door, the roof, feeding our animals, and sharpening tools (Singman, Work in Medieval Europe, 1999). This routine lasted about 3 months, and 10 hours of the day. I have almost forgotten what life was like from the year I came from. I’ve been so used to living here in Europe. I remember how I thought that Medieval Europe was a horrible place, but now, this place has grown on me. It actually feels like my home now. Usually every few weeks, the old farmer would give me a day off of work, and I would walk about, exploring more of Europe every day
Works Cited
Singman, J. L. (1999). Work in Medieval Europe. Retrieved 3 21, 2013, from Daily Life through History: http://dailylife.abc-clio.com/Topics/Display/1425940?sid=1441336&webSiteCode=SLN_DLTH&returnToPage=%2fTopics%2fDisplay%2f1425940%3fsid%3d1441336&cid=97&useConcept=False&token=650F53AD720959C2DA997077D47A6D7E&casError=False
Bibliography Adomson, M. W. (1995). Food and Drink in Medieval Europe. Retrieved March 15, 2013, from Daily Life through History: http://dailylife.abc-clio.com/Topics/Display/1425940?sid=1425960&cid=100&useConcept=False
Cunnington, P. (1997). Men's Clothing: Medieval Europe. Retrieved March 12, 2012, from Daily Life through History: http://dailylife.abc-clio.com/Topics/Display/1425940?sid=1658448&cid=25&oid=1658448&useConcept=False
Hoffman, R. C. (1995). Sports & Games in Medieval Europe. Retrieved 3 19, 2013, from Daily Life through History: http://dailylife.abc-clio.com/Topics/Display/1425940?sid=1426053&cid=102&useConcept=False
Norris, M. (2000). Arms and Armor in Medieval Europe. Retrieved March 13, 2013, from Met Museum: http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/arms/hd_arms.htm
P., B. J. (2004). Black Death: Overview. Retrieved March 16, 2013, from Daily Life through History: http://dailylife.abc-clio.com/Topics/Display/1681929?cid=41&terms=Black+death
Singman, J. L. (1995). Housing In Medieval Europe. Retrieved March 15, 2013, from Daily Life through History: http://dailylife.abc-clio.com/Topics/Display/1425940?sid=1425974&cid=101&useConcept=False
Singman, J. L. (1998). Entertainment in Medieval Europe. Retrieved 3 19, 2013, from Daily Life in History: http://dailylife.abc-clio.com/Topics/Display/1425940?sid=1426070&webSiteCode=SLN_DLTH&returnToPage=%2fTopics%2fDisplay%2f1425940%3fsid%3d1426070&cid=103&useConcept=False&token=E9C730199FC3B538B930F43BEE2FB679&casError=False
Singman, J. L. (1999). Work in Medieval Europe. Retrieved 3 21, 2013, from Daily Life through History: http://dailylife.abc-clio.com/Topics/Display/1425940?sid=1441336&webSiteCode=SLN_DLTH&returnToPage=%2fTopics%2fDisplay%2f1425940%3fsid%3d1441336&cid=97&useConcept=False&token=650F53AD720959C2DA997077D47A6D7E&casError=False
http://dailylife.abc-clio.com/Topics/Display/1425940?sid=1425974&cid=101&useConcept=False
http://dailylife.abc-clio.com/Topics/Display/1425940?sid=1426070&cid=103&useConcept=False
http://dailylife.abc-clio.com/Topics/Display/1425940?sid=1441336&webSiteCode=SLN_DLTH&returnToPage=%2fTopics%2fDisplay%2f1425940%3fsid%3d1441336&cid=97&useConcept=False&token=650F53AD720959C2DA997077D47A6D7E&casError=False
http://dailylife.abc-clio.com/Topics/Display/1425940?sid=1426053&cid=102&useConcept=False
http://dailylife.abc-clio.com/Topics/Display/1681929?cid=41&terms=black+death
http://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Defensive_wall.html
http://www.engr.sjsu.edu/pabacker/history/middle.htm
http://dailylife.abc-clio.com/Topics/Display/1425940?sid=1425960&cid=100&useConcept=False